What Happened Today in History?

Here are a few snapshots of today in history just because I was interested.

On this day in 1409, The University of Leipzig opens.  Among the notables who passed through are:

• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German composer, second famous son of Johann Sebastian Bach
• Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer, 3rd famous son of Johann Sebastian Bach
• Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer, first famous son of Johann Sebastian Bach
• Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German poet and polymath
• Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German Mathematician who developed calculus, philosopher, polymath
• Felix Klein, German mathematician, known for his work in group theory, complex analysis and non-Euclidean geometry
• Werner Heisenberg, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
• Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
• Edward Teller, Hungaro-American nuclear scientist, member of the Manhattan ProjectPeter Debye, Dutch-American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Paul Ehrlich, German doctor, Nobel Prize in Medicine
• Angela Merkel, first female German Chancellor

On this day in 1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren following the Great Fire of London, is consecrated. It remains an active house of worship and center of culture to this day.

On this day in 1763 – Dedication of the Touro Synagogue, in Newport, Rhode Island, the first synagogue in what will become the United States. Rhode Island had been founded by Roger Williams as a haven for true religious liberty and separation of church and state.

Today marks the anniversary of the 1823 Monroe Doctrine. In a State of the Union message, President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas. Into the 21st century, the doctrine continues to be denounced, reinstated, or reinterpreted.

 

Read and study more:

https://web.archive.org/.../www.law.ou.../hist/monrodoc.html

https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=23

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/monroe

https://www.britannica.com/event/Monroe-Doctrine

 

 

On this day in 1845, Manifest Destiny was  defined  in  State of the Union message   by U.S. President James K. Polk . He proposed that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.

 

 

In 1859, abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16 raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and in 1865  Alabama ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed by North Carolina, then Georgia; U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks.

 

 

 

On this day in 1899 – Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, known as the "Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.

According to Wikipedia:

"The Philippine–American War or the Filipino–American War (modern Filipino: Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that lasted from February 4, 1899, to July 2, 1902. While Filipino nationalists viewed the conflict as a continuation of the struggle for independence that began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution against Spain, the U.S. government regarded it as an insurrection. The conflict arose when the First Philippine Republic objected to the terms of the Treaty of Paris under which the United States took possession of the Philippines from Spain, ending the Spanish–American War."